The euro’s earlier resilience against the franc despite Greece’s “No” vote prompted talk of renewed intervention by the Swiss National Bank.

Slovakia’s Finance Minister Peter Kažimír bluntly warned, “We will not go gently into this good night”.

Sigmar Gabriel, Germany’s vice chancellor and economic minister, told a German newspaper that the Greek government was leading its people “onto a path of bitter austerity and hopelessness”.

March 2015: In a sign of deteriorated relations, Greece demands an apology from Germany over what it said were offensive remarks by German finance minister Wolfgang Schauble about Varoufakis.

Others were more conciliatory.

Belgian Finance Minister Johan Van Overtveldt was somewhat softer in his approach, saying a “no” result “complicates matters”, but that the door remained open to resume talks immediately.

Analysts were downbeat about prospects for a deal. But analysts are now putting the chances of a Grexit at “very high”. But he also said Europe would feel pressure to reopen serious talks. And the debate has been dominated just by pushing Greece, by the stubbornness of Greece not to address its huge fundamental problems, and it has ignored the bigger picture that if Greece does leave the eurozone the legitimacy of monetary union has been really really damaged. The working class opposition embodied in the “no” vote was politically inchoate, with many voters expressing illusions in the Syriza government.

The banks were closed all of last week, but continued to dispense up to €60 a day per customer.

But, exhausted and mad after five years of cuts, falling living standards and rising taxes imposed under successive bailout programmes, many appear to have shrugged off the warnings of disaster, trusting that a deal can still be reached.

Greece’s creditors would have to write off much or all of billions of euros in Greek debts.

It fell as low as $1.0967 in Asia before rebounding, garnering some support from the resignation of Greece’s outspoken finance minister, Yanis Varoufakis. European officials scoffed at such claims, insisting any deal would only come through long and hard negotiation. “We have a common aim”, he said.

He added that negotiations have gone on for too long and must be resolved soon.

Ittirit Kinglake, president of the Tourism Council of Thailand, said the impact should be limited since the number of Greek tourists is small, but if the European economic situation worsened, it would affect Thailand’s tourism revenue. “We are positive on earnings and sales growth and are looking for continued earnings surprises”, Bill Street, EMEA head of Investment at State Street Global Advisors, said.

This followed Friday’s huge turnout in the square, including many thousands of young people, who declared their intention to vote “Oxi” (“No”) in the referendum.

“I did not expect such a result”.

“I voted “Yes”… because with a “No” I was not sure what was going to happen”, said Alexandros Papadopolos, 40, owner of the trendy Athens restaurant Dinner in The Sky. “This was a vote for the future of the country, for our children and grandchildren”. But if the banks remain closed, if people can’t get more money and if businesses can’t function, the crisis could escalate rapidly.

“I have been unemployed for three years”, said Chloe Palaska, 40, who was once a French teacher.

The 54-year-old economist called for an agreement between Greece and its money lenders that was more redistributive and less austere, sniping in a parting shot: “I shall wear the creditors’ loathing with pride”.

The Greek vote should be seen against the backdrop of the wider advance of Eurosceptic parties in the May elections to the European parliament.

No supporters celebrating the outcome of the referendum.

Vritios said he had been to several ATMs but found them empty. The Greek crisis has exposed the unbelievable weakness of Europe in being able to understand what this crisis is about.

Her main concern, though, was the effect the capital controls were having on the elderly and vulnerable, with alarming shortages of vital medicines in some pharmacies. “It’s like an natural disaster everywhere”, she said.